α-Klotho Expression in Mouse Tissues Following Acute Exhaustive Exercise.

Zhijian Rao,Rengfei Shi,Lifang Zheng,Yu Feng,Hu Huang

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01498

Abstract

α-Klotho, a multifunctional protein, has been demonstrated to protect tissues from injury via anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. The expression of α-klotho is regulated by several physiological and pathological factors, including acute inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Exhaustive exercise has been reported to result in tissue damage, which is induced by inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disturbance. However, little is known about the effects of exhaustive exercise on the expression of α-klotho in various tissues. To determine the effects, the treadmill exhaustion test in mice was performed and the mice were sacrificed at different time points following exhaustive exercise. Our results confirmed that the full-length (130 kDa) and shorter-form (65 kDa) α-klotho were primarily expressed in the kidneys. Moreover, we found that, except for the kidneys and brain, other tissues primarily expressed the shorter-form α-klotho, including liver, which was in contrast to previous reports. Furthermore, the shorter-form α-klotho was decreased immediately following the acute exhaustive exercise and was then restored to the pre-exercise level or even higher levels in the next few days. Our results indicate that α-klotho may play a key role in the body exhaustion and recovery following exhaustive exercise.

Highlights

Physical exercise is beneficial for human’s health, including protection from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and the delay of aging (Rowe et al, 2014)
The anti-aging protein α-klotho, first reported by Kuro-o et al (1997), is mainly expressed in a number of specific tissues including kidneys, skeletal muscle, urinary bladder, aorta, pancreas, testis, ovary, colon, and thyroid gland, whereas the mRNA expression of the protein was not detected in the stomach, lungs, heart, liver, skin, and bone
It has been reported that neither α-klotho mRNA nor protein is expressed in murine, rat, and human liver (Kuro-o et al, 1997; Sato et al, 2015; Yamauchi et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

Physical exercise is beneficial for human’s health, including protection from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and the delay of aging (Rowe et al, 2014). An exhaustive exercise may damage multiple organs, which is induced by oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes (Olaìh et al, 2015; Kawanishi et al, 2016; Ke et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Furtado et al, 2018; Yada et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2019) If it is one bout of acute exhaustive exercise, the body can adapt to the imbalances and recover to the normal state in a few days. In addition to its anti-aging effect, α-klotho was demonstrated to be Expression of α-Klotho Following Exercise a multifunctional protein that plays roles in energy metabolism, oxidative stress resistance, and anti-inflammation (Xu and Sun, 2015; Dalton et al, 2017; Kuro-o, 2019). Following its release from the cell membrane, the circulating shorter-form α-klotho exerts its effects on distant tissues

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