Οι επιδράσεις των Kλιματικών αλλαγών στην Aμπελοκαλλιέργεια και Oινοποίηση στην Σαντορίνη τα τελευταία 30 χρόνια

Abstract

Climate and viticulture are inextricably linked and therefore knowledge of the prevailing weather and climatic conditions of a given area is essential for optimal variety selection, sustainable production and the overall quality of the final wine to be produced. The main variety of Santorini is Assyrtiko, which produces extremely high-quality wines. The grapes of this variety, which are prone to oxidation, when carefully vinified give wines with fruity taste and delicate aromas. The production of Assyrtiko covers 70% of Santorini, a 10% is covered by two other white varieties, Athiri and Aidani, while the remaining 20% that is cultivated is the red varieties, Mandilaria and Mavrotragano. Undoubtedly important for the production of a quality final wine is the study of cultivation practices applied to the vine. At this stage it is worth noting the crucial importance of the prevailing conditions in each stage from bud formation to harvest. A crucial point is to take the risk indicators into account and, based on the daily records of the conditions, to study whether they are exceeded. Also, note the decisive value of bioclimatic indicators. In the present study, the following indices GDD (Growing Degree Days), GST (Growing Season Temperature) and HI (Huglin Index) were used, the complementary data of which form a comprehensive assessment of the climatic conditions of a defined area. Then, in the research part, taking all the necessary data from the National Meteorological Service (NMS) for the years 1974 to 2018, the above indicators were calculated and at the same time the average amount of rainfall per year. The effects of climate change are obvious, the temperature values are rising, while the amount of rainfall is obviously lower than desired (at least 500mm / year). Finally, based on the forecasting models and the existing data, the possible changes that will occur in the long run and how this can be addressed are estimated. A central pillar for tackling climate change in the agricultural sector is risk management through measures of both preparation and response. Finally, the crisis can be managed through the stabilization and reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) in the atmosphere or / in combination with adaptation measures.