Abstract
It is planned to develop projects of basin nature management for the Crimean peninsula. The characteristics of the relief within the river basins is an important stage in the pre-project justification. ArcGIS 10.5 is used for research. The tools of the subset “hydrology”, “Surface”, “Zonal”, “Algebra of maps” made it possible to create morphometric characteristics of the relief, and their visual representation in the GIS environment made it possible to establish spatial patterns and substantiate soil-water conservation measures. Shuttle radar topographic mission with a resolution of 3 arc seconds is selected as input data. Its resolution is consistent with the scale of the study. The morphometric analysis of the relief of 1534 different-order basin structures showed that the height of 64 % of the 3–6-order basins does not exceed 300 m; for them, five steps of vertical dissection of plain territories have been identified. 37 % of the basins are vertically divided into high-mountainous areas. In the plain part of Crimea, where deflationary processes are developed, the average slope steepness is 1°, basins with transversely straight longitudinal-straight slopes prevail, the linear boundaries on which can be rectilinear. In the foothill areas under conditions of agricultural use, soil deflation is added to the processes of water erosion caused by the presence of long slopes with a steepness of more than 3° with the values of the relief factor (LS) exceeding 2, and in some agricultural basins the average value of the relief factor is close to the critical value—4.3. Transversely convex slopes prevail in these territories, here it is necessary to design contour linear boundaries. The density of the river network is on average—0.11 km/km2 in the mountainous part of Crimea, but due to climatic, geomorphological and soil conditions, the redistribution of sediments occurs in the upper link of the erosion network (more developed on the territory of the peninsula). the density of the river network does not exceed 0.2 km/km2 in the flat part of the Crimea. Morphometric analysis of the relief allows describing the hydrogeomorphology of the river basin, identifying the causes of erosion, and substantiating the functioning of ecosystems.
Highlights
Новые методы и подходы в картографии и геоинформатике justification
The morphometric analysis of the relief of 1534 different-order basin structures showed that the height of 64% of the 3–6-order basins does not exceed 300 m; for them, five steps of vertical dissection of plain territories have been identified. 37% of the basins are vertically divided into high-mountainous areas
In the foothill areas under conditions of agricultural use, soil deflation is added to the processes of water erosion caused by the presence of long slopes with a steepness of more than 3° with the values of the relief factor exceeding 2, and in some agricultural basins the average value of the relief factor is close to the critical value – 4.3
Summary
АННОТАЦИЯ Для территории Крыма планируется разработать проекты бассейнового природопользования, важным этапом предпроектного обоснования которых является характеристика рельефа в пределах речных бассейнов. Морфометрический анализ рельефа 1534 разнопорядковых бассейновых структур показал, что высота 64 % бассейнов 3–6 порядков не превышает 300 м, для них выделены пять ступеней вертикального расчленения равнинных территорий. В равнинной части Крыма, где развиты дефляционные процессы, средняя крутизна склона 1°, преобладают бассейны с поперечно-прямым продольно-прямым склонами, линейные рубежи на которых могут быть прямолинейными. На этих территориях преобладают поперечно-выпуклые склоны, для которых необходимо проектирование контурных линейных рубежей. В горной части Крыма густота речной сети в среднем составляет – 0,11 км/км[2], но вследствие климатических, геоморфологических и почвенных условий перераспределение наносов идет в верхнем звене эрозионной сети (более развитой на территории полуострова). В равнинной части Крыма значения густоты речной сети не превышает 0,2 км/км[2]. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: морфометрический анализ рельефа, ЦМР, бассейн реки, бассейновое природопользование, ГИС. Narozhnyaya[2], MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMEAN RIVER BASINS RELIEF BY USING GIS
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