대구 안심연료단지 환경오염물질 노출 평가(II) - TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 및 중금속 농도분포 및 노출특성 -

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX>, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, and <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX> among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, and <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX> by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were <TEX>$0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, and <TEX>$0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$</TEX>, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, and <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX> were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX>, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, <TEX>$PM_{10}$</TEX>, <TEX>$PM_{2.5}$</TEX>, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.