β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Free Acid Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by a Single Bout of Plyometric Exercise.

Hamid Arazi,Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,Abbas Asadi,Zahra Hosseini,Katsuhiko Suzuki

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00776

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of β-hydroxy-β methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion on oxidative stress and leukocyte responses to plyometric exercise.MethodsIn a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, physically active males were assigned to the HMB-FA (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) groups that consumed either 1 g of HMB-FA or placebo 30 min prior to performing an acute plyometric exercise protocol (15 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal-effort vertical jumps). Blood was obtained pre-(T1), post-(T2), and 1-h post-(T3) exercise to determine changes in serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and white blood cells (WBC).ResultsThe exercise protocol significantly elevated 8-OHdG (HMB-FA, T2 9.5 and T3 12.6%; placebo, T2 18.2 and T3 36.5%), MDA (HMB-FA, T2 11.6 and T3 25.2%; placebo, T2 11.8 and T3 41%) and PC (HMB-FA, T2 6.9 and T3 25%; placebo, T2 23.4 and T3 55.3%) at post- and 1-h post-exercise, respectively. However, at 1-h post-exercise, greater increases in oxidative stress markers (8-OHdG 36.5 vs. 12.6%; MDA 41 vs. 25.1% and PC 55.3 vs. 25%) were observed in the placebo group compared to the HMB-FA group (p < 0.05). In addition, the WBC level was greater for the placebo group in comparison to the HMB-FA group at post-exercise.ConclusionHMB-FA attenuated oxidative stress and leukocyte responses to plyometric exercise compared with placebo.

Highlights

Exercise could increase oxygen utilization 200-fold above resting level in active muscles resulting in oxidative stress (Bloomer et al, 2005)
No significant differences were observed between groups for height, body mass, diet records or other variables (i.e., 8-OHdG, MDA, protein carbonyl (PC), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) (p > 0.05)
The prevention of increased WBC and lymphocytes after eccentric exercise could be due to upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and anti-inflammatory cytokines following contractions by hydroxy-β methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion, and decrements in expression of pro-oxidant enzymes (Suzuki et al, 2003; Peake et al, 2007; Azizbeigi et al, 2013; Atashak et al, 2014). These findings revealed that ingestion of 1 g HMB-FA prior to exercise induced decreases in oxidative stress and leukocytes, and possible mechanism of HMB action is attenuating the inflammatory response to eccentric exercise; further studies are necessary to determine the effects of HMB-FA supplementation on inflammation and other mechanisms of action after exercise

Summary

Introduction

Exercise could increase oxygen utilization 200-fold above resting level in active muscles resulting in oxidative stress (Bloomer et al, 2005). Exercise-induced oxidative stress is associated with increasing free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Bloomer et al, 2005). Intense exercise (e.g., resistance and/or eccentric exercise) has been shown to increase the circulation of HMB and Oxidative Stress Following Plyometric Exercise neutrophils, elastase and myeloperoxidase, resulting in free radical production, oxidative stress, and inflammation (Rahimi, 2011; Suzuki, 2017). Some experimental human models have addressed the associations between aerobic and anaerobic exercise-induced oxidative stress and its acute effects on oxidative damage (Bloomer et al, 2005; Rahimi, 2011). It seems that to prevent muscle damage, inflammation and maybe oxidative stress, increasing the dietary content of nutritional antioxidants could play a crucial role to manage these responses (Street et al, 2011)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion