Урожайность топинамбура (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) в условиях Таджикистана

Abstract

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant height from 40 cm to 2.5 m high with erect branched, leafy stem. The length of the growing season is 4.5–5 months. The yield of tubers in average 15 t/ha, the total productivity of terrestrial bodies – 70...90 t/ha. In Tajikistan, the Jerusalem artichoke began to be cultivated in 40–50 years of the last century. In the conditions of the Gissar valley at an experimental plot of the Institute of botany, physiology and plant genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, located in the Eastern part of Dushanbe at the altitude of 840 m above sea level, and carried out the planting of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in midApril. In the conditions of Rasht valley (Jirgatol district at altitudes of 2100 and 2700 m above sea level and the Rasht district, at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level) planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the third week of may. Identification of the general size a biomass sun artichoke on the irrigation fields of Gissar and Rasht valleys fluctuates within from 66.5 to 94.2 t/hec. and on rein field from 30.4 to 72.5 t/hec., yield of tubers from 24.95 to 38.4 t/hec. on the irrigation fields and from 11.85 to 22.95 t/hec. on rein fields. On the Jerusalem artichoke average the biomass on the irrigation fields makes 78.8 t/hec. and on rein fields 47.4 t/hec, and a crop of tubers accordingly 30.63 and 15.73 t/hec. that testifies to efficiency of cultivation sun artichoke in irrigation and rein fields of our republic. The irrigation promote increase of biomass yield of american artichoke on 30.4 t/hec. (64.1 %), yield of tubers – on 14.9 t/hec.( 94.7 %) in comparison with cultivation without irrigation.