Основные характеристики сои овощной (Glycine max L. Merr.)

Abstract

The soybean is an amazingly versatile crop, it is one of the most economically important leguminous crops, ranking first among them in the world in terms of cultivated areas. Edamame is a specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) harvested as a vegetable when the seeds are immature (R6 and R7 stage) and have expanded to fill 80 to 90 percent of the pod width. Vegetable soybean is as nutritious as other soybean products, and a good source of protein, vitamins A, K and E, dietary fibres and ascorbic acid and its characteristic flavour is widely appreciated in Asia. Morphologically, edamame pods should have white pubescence, preferably sparse and soft; the hilum should be light brown or gray; the pods must have two or three seeds; most pods should be at least 5 cm long; days to R6 range from 77 to 93 days after sowing; 100-seeds weight of vegetable soybeans (230 g – 250 g); the pods should be completely green, with no hint of yellowing. The consumption of edamame can also really contribute to reducing nutritional deficiencies in people, through its great nutritional content and good health benefits. The variety of vegetable soybean varieties is significant in China, but not enough in other countries, they can vary in height and early maturity. Therefore, it is very important know which varieties are suitable for cultivation in different regions of Russia, what their vegetation period, nutritional value and productivity.