ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ СУММЫ ФЛАВОНОИДНЫХ ГЛИКОЗИДОВ В ЛИСТЬЯХ ГИНКГО ДВУЛОПАСТНОГО (GINKGO BILOBA L.)

Abstract

It is known that preparations of plant origin occupy a special place and are characterized by a unique chemical composition, a wide spectrum of action, effectiveness in prolonged use, lack of toxicity and side effects, availability according to the criteria of resource supply and renewable. The issue of the phytochemical study of medicinal vegetal raw materials and the production of a complex of biologically active substances from it for further introduction into pharmaceutical practice remains relevant. From these positions, the Ginkgo biloba L. plant is of scientific interest as the richest source of biologically active compounds that have a polyfunctional effect on the body. The Ginkgo biloba L. relict plant is a promising raw material for use in phytotherapy. Most biologically active substances are concentrated in leaves. Unique chemical composition of Ginkgo leaves determines a wide range of its pharmacological and physiological properties. Bioflavonoids are known among biologically active Ginkgo bioflavonoids – quercetin, isoramnetin, kempferol, flavonoid glycosides – ginkgetin, bilobetin, myricetin, triterpene lactones gingcolide and bilobalide, organic acids, amino acids (thymine, asparagine), essential oils. However, information on the quantitative content of biologically active compounds in Ginkgo leaves is not enough. In this regard, it is of scientific interest to study the sum of flavonoids in the extract of dried leaves of the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The purpose of this work was to quantify the content of the sum of flavonoid glycosides in the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which grows in the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation. To identify the content of flavonoids in water-alcohol extracts (with a different ratio of water to ethyl alcohol) of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a method was used to quantify the sum of flavonoid glycosides in plant raw materials. In the course of the study, in order to establish optimal (technological) conditions for the quantitative determination (quantitative identification) of the sum of flavonoids in the Ginkgo biloba L. raw material, a series of experiments were carried out to extract air-dried, ground leaves of this plant with ethyl alcohol (an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol), as an extractant of various concentrations. In the course of comparative analysis of the sum of flavonoids extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves in water-alcohol extracts with different concentration of ethyl alcohol (40 %, 60 %, 70 % and 80 % solutions), it was revealed that the highest yield of the sum of flavonoids is observed under the action of extractant – 60 % aqueous ethanol solution. The obtained experimental data of the flavonoid composition indicate a significant content of flavonoids in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which determines a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activity of the plant. The studied plant source is a promising raw material for further development of new effective dosage forms. Ginkgo biloba L. plant is a depot of valuable biologically active components, which is the basis for further studies on the identification of other biologically active substances and the subsequent assessment of their physiological and pharmacological activity with the aim of developing new phytodetic agents based on it.