Abstract
Gal-a-1,3-Gal (a-Gal) epitope is a carbohydrate structure, which is expressed on cell membranes of almost all the mammals except some species of monkeys and human, as well as causes a hyperacute immune response during xenotrans-plantation. This review briefly describes the issues of the evolution of a-Gal epitope, its distribution in the kingdom of animals, biological role and problems of using prostheses of porcine origin in medical practice. For many reasons, this species of animals is the most suitable to obtain the bioprostheses of cardiac valves, vessels and bioscaffolds, however, due to the high a-Gal epitope expression in their body a special treatment to eliminate it is required. This review attempts to summarize the results on studying the a-Gal epitope expression after low-temperature treatment, since it is widely used to store bioprostheses prior to implantation. Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2016; 26(1):3-12
Highlights
Gal-α-1,3-Gal (α-Gal) epitope is a carbohydrate structure, which is expressed on cell membranes of almost all the mammals except some species of monkeys and human, as well as causes a hyperacute immune response during xenotransplantation
Epitope Gal-α-1,3-Gal (α-Gal) is a carbohydrate structure, which is expressed on cell membranes in the body of mammals, excluding humans and some species of monkeys inhabiting the Old World
It is known that the binding of natural antibodies, constantly present in human blood, with the α-Gal causes a hyperacute xenograft rejection, making impossible the transplantation of organs and tissues from human to mammals
Summary
Gal-α-1,3-Gal (α-Gal) epitope is a carbohydrate structure, which is expressed on cell membranes of almost all the mammals except some species of monkeys and human, as well as causes a hyperacute immune response during xenotransplantation. Xenoreactive natural antibodies to α-Gal epitope, circulating in human blood, implement a hyperacute rejection via the complement system [26].
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