Abstract
To study song themes and variation of Yellow-throated Bunting, we obtained and analyzed recordings from 45 males breeding in 16 deciduous forests of 6 provinces. We classified the 3,245 songs into a total of 164 song themes and 1,024 song variants according to the identification on the base of difference(lexicon) in 640 syllable compositions. Males had one to six song themes and averaged 3.5 themes. No males shared an identical song theme. Males had syllables (ave. 9.4) in one song theme and males increased effectively their repertoire size by changing syllable composition (i.e. adding, deleting, or substituting one or more syllables) in a single song theme. The number of variants averaged 5.1 (range 1 to 31) per song theme. Individual variability was highest in the terminal elements of the song. In PCA, the 16 populations are clearly separated on Co. I based on shared syllable and on Co. II based on unique syllable. Similarity of songs based on shared syllables by distance coefficients, showed a pattern of concordance with geography. Pairwise similarity declined with increasing distance among recording sites. 16 different geographical regions by the syllable were divided in UPGMA tree.
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