Abstract

수요가 증가하고 있는 단자엽 구근 화훼작물인 무스카리(<TEX>$Muscari$</TEX> <TEX>$armeniacum$</TEX> Leichtl. Ex Bak.) 'Early Giant' 품종의 캘러스를 재료로 체세포배발생을 통한 기내 대량증식 체계를 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 잎 절편을 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) 등 오옥신이 0.1~3.0 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> 첨가된 배지에 배양하여 모든 배지에서 부드러운 엷은 연두색 캘러스를 고빈도로 유기하였지만 유기된 캘러스를 동일한 조성의 배지로 이식하였을 때 2,4-D, 4-amino-3,5,6-tri-chloropicolinic acid(picloram) 및 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) 첨가배지에서만 증식이 양호하게 이루어졌다. 비록 체세포배발생의 빈도가 캘러스의 기원과 배발생 유도 배지의 식물생장조절제 조성에 따라 차이가 있기는 했지만 식물생장조절제 무첨가 배지를 비롯하여 <TEX>$N^6$</TEX>-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) 등 다양한 시토키닌과 NAA 0.01 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX>가 혼용된 배지에서 체세포배가 유기되었다. 무스카리 잎 절편을 picloram 0.1 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> 배지에 치상하여 캘러스를 유기하고 동일한 배지로 이식하여 증식한 후 NAA 0.01 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX>와 BAP 0.5 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> 혼용배지로 이식했을 때 최고빈도인 캘러스 덩어리당 9.3개의 체세포배를 획득할 수 있었다. 또한 무스카리 체세포배는 구형, 편심장형, 편어뢰형, 초기 자엽형, 중기 자엽형, 후기 자엽형, 초기 맹아형, 중기 맹아형 및 후기 맹아형배 등 총 9단계로 그 외형이 뚜렷이 구분되었다. Using calli of <TEX>$Muscari$</TEX> <TEX>$armeniacum$</TEX> cv. 'Early Giant' that is monocotyledonous ornamental bulb crop with increasing demand in Korea, we carried out current studies to establish an in vitro multiple propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis. We found that soft pale yellow green calli were induced from leaf explants cultured on all media containing 0.1~3.0 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> auxins such as 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). However, induced calli showed vigorous growth only when they further transferred on same media containing 2,4-D, 4-amino-3,5,6-tri-chloropicolinic acid (picloram), or 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). Although frequency of somatic embryo induction depended on callus source and PGR composition in somatic embryo induction media, somatic embryogenesis was initiated on surface of proliferated calli after transferring on media with no PGR or 0.01 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> NAA co-supplemented with various cytokinins such as <TEX>$N^6$</TEX>-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Highest number of embryo at 9.3 per callus clump was obtained when calli which were grown under 0.1 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> picloram supplementation were sub-cultured on medium with 0.01 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> NAA and 0.5 <TEX>$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$</TEX> BAP. In addition, morphological characteristics of somatic embryo were categorized into following nine phases: globular, biased heart, biased torpedo, early cotyledonary, middle cotyledonary, late cotyledonary, early sprouting, middle sprouting, and late sprouting embryos.

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