D esulfacinum

Abstract

Abstract De.sulf.a.ci'num. L. pref. de , from; L. neut. n. sulfur , sulfur; L. neut. n. acinum , a berry, especially a grape; N.L. neut. n. Desulfacinum , a berry‐shaped, sulfate‐ reducing bacterium. Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Syntrophobacteraceae / Desulfacinum Oval‐shaped rods, 0.8–1.0 µm × 1.0–2.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stains Gram‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strictly anaerobic having a respiratory type of metabolism. Cemorganoheterotrophic and chemolithoautotrophic using H 2 + CO 2 , formate, C 2 –C 16 straight‐chain fatty acids, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and alcohols as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO 2 via the anaerobic C 1 ‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) as indicated from genome data. For growth on H 2 + CO 2 and formate, the same pathway in the reverse direction is used for chemolithoautotrophic growth. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H 2 S. Nitrate is not used as a terminal electron acceptor. Fermentative growth on some substrates. Thermophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 60°C. Neutrophilic. Optimal growth pH, 7.0–7.5. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Dependence for growth factors varies between the species. The type species requires vitamins or yeast extract. Desulfacinum species occur in geothermally influenced habitats like hot oil fields and hydrothermal vents. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 59.5–64.0 ( T m , LC); 61–62 (genome). Type species : Desulfacinum infernum Rees, Grassia, Sheehy, Dwivedi and Patel 1995, 88 VP emend. Sievert and Kuever 2000, 1244.