Редкие и редкоземельные элементы в Cu-Ni рудах Норильского района

Abstract

The deposits of the Norilsk region are confined to the marginal northwestern part of the Siberian platform and are associated with the manifestation of the Early Mesozoic trap volcanism. Sulfide mineralization is concentrated in the intrusive facies of the volcano-intrusive complex. Four main types of Cu-Ni ores are distinguished according to textural features: massive, vein-disseminated, brecciated, and disseminated. The main types of Cu-Ni ores differ significantly from each other in the chemical composition and content of rock- and ore-forming components. The enrichment ratios of ore trace elements in the Oktyabrskaya and Talnakhskaya vein-disseminated ore mainly reach hundreds (S, Pt, Au, Se,Te, Pb, As, Sn, Mo) and thousands (Ni, Cu, Ag, Pd) times. A rather high enrichment of all types of Bi, Re and Cd ores has been revealed, which are potentially industrially significant as high-tech metals, and can be promising for associated mining. The amount of rare-earth elements (REE) in ores is several times less than in the upper crust and more than in the primitive mantle. The concentration of rare earths in the main types of ores, with the exception of massive ones, exceeds the level of the chondrite standard, and REE fractionation is weak. The distribution spectra of chondrite-normalized REEs have a slight negative slope: the total content of light REEs is higher than that of heavy ones. The similarity of the geometry of the REE spectra of massive, vein-disseminated, brecciated and disseminated types of ores containing a significant admixture of host rocks indicates the inheritance of the REE composition in ores from the host rocks. In the disseminated ores of common taxite gabbro-dolerites, the Eu anomaly is present in the Kharaelakhsky (Oktyabrskoye Deposit) and Talnakhsky (Talnakhskoye Deposit) intrusions, it is positive, and in the Norilsk I Intrusive (in the same rocks), it is negative. Higher concentrations of REEs and significant fractionation of light and heavy rare elements are typical for host contact-metamorphic and metasomatic rocks with vein-disseminated (exocontact) ores. For olivine-free hornfels and skarns in brecciated ores, as well as for vein-disseminated ores, significant fractionation of light REEs with relatively heavy ones and a pronounced Eu minimum are characteristic. In massive ores, the distribution of REEs is determined by the composition of xenoliths.