Профессиональная заболеваемость в Самарской области и её тенденции в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. Currently, the preservation and strengthening of the health of the working population is one of the priority tasks of healthcare in the Russian Federation, including in the Samara region. Up to 39.7% of the able-bodied population of the country works in conditions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Unsatisfactory working conditions are the main cause of the development of occupational diseases among the working population in the Samara region. Objective: to assess working conditions and occupational morbidity in the Samara region, the causes of low detection of occupational diseases. Methods: methods of sanitary and hygienic monitoring of working conditions at enterprises of the Samara region and statistical analysis of occupational morbidity were used in the work. Results: In the Samara region, when assessing working conditions at industrial enterprises, according to the data of the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor, 76 (2.72%) objects from those under control were classified as extremely high risk objects, 287 (10.27%) high risk, 926 (33.14%) significant risk, 1236 (44.24%) medium risk, 265 (9.49%) moderate risk, 4 (0.14%) low risk. Unsatisfactory working conditions are the main cause of the development of occupational diseases. Thus, 451 cases of occupational diseases and poisoning have been registered in the Samara region over the past 3 years: in 2020 – 107 cases, of which women have 62 cases (57.94%), in 2019 – 128 cases, of which 47 cases in women (36.7%), in 2018 – 216 cases, of which 63 cases in women (29.2%). Conclusions: Working conditions at a significant number of enterprises in the Samara region do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. The state of conditions in the Samara region does not always reflect the levels of occupational morbidity at work, including due to the poor quality of periodic medical examinations. In the structure of nosological forms of occupational diseases in the Samara region in 2020, the first place is occupied by diseases associated with the effects of biological factors – 42.99% (including due to cases, including fatal cases of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in medical workers), the second – physical factors (33.64%), the third – industrial aerosols (10.28%), the fourth – chemical factors (5.61%), the fifth place was occupied by diseases associated with physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems – 4.67%, on allergic diseases are in sixth place – 2.80%.