Оценка хозяйственной ценности плодов лещины обыкновенной (Corylus avellana L.) в Воронежской области

Abstract

The selection of promising forms of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) for forestry and fruit growing in the Voronezh region is the most important task of breeding work. Despite the high economic value of this breed, the yield and quality of fruits depending on growing conditions remain unstudied, which is important for breeding work. The purpose of the work is to study the phenological characteristics, determine the size of the harvest (depending on forest conditions) and assess the quality of the fruits of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) to identify and select the highest quality initial breeding materials. The objectives of the research included: determining optimal forest conditions for the growth of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.), allowing for the greatest amount of harvest; establish the timing of the onset of phenological phases to predict the amount of harvest and indirectly assess the adaptive potential; assess the quality of fruits depending on the types of forest conditions. The onset of phenological phases of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) begins in mid-March and ends in June. Despite the danger of spring frosts, which limit the cultivation of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in the Voronezh region, the identified phenological features make it possible to indirectly recommend widespread breeding of the most resistant forms. The average yield in C2D reaches 2.6±0.12 kg. In addition, in these forest growing conditions, the greatest variation in the amount of harvest was noted, which will allow for the selection of the best forms. It was revealed that the largest quantity of harvest and the best quality of common hazel fruits (Corylus avellana L.) prevail in the types of forest growing conditions C2D and D2.