Abstract

본 연구에서는 길이 4.5 m와 7.5 m의 다중관 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 급탕 열교환기의 열전달 및 압력강하 특성을 <TEX>${\epsilon}-NTU$</TEX> 방법을 사용하여 해석하고 결과를 기존의 실험 데이터와 비교하였다. 급탕 열교환기는 쉘측에 물이 흐르고 8개로 구성된 내부 튜브에 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>를 흐르게 하였으며 열전달 효율을 최대화하기 위하여 대향류로 설계하였다. 각 노드에 대한 물과 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 냉매의 유동에 대한 에너지 평형 방정식은 단면분할법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 열전달율 계산값은 실험값과 <TEX>${\pm}5%$</TEX> 범위 내에서 잘 일치하였다. 반면에 물의 출구온도는 물 유량이 증가함에 따라 거의 선형적으로 감소하며 계산값과 실험값은 <TEX>${\pm}3%$</TEX> 내에서 일치하였다. 결과에서 열전달율은 4.5 m와 7.5 m 급탕 열교환기 모두 물 유량 또는 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 입구온도가 증가함에 따라 거의 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 반면에 물 유량이 증가함에 따라 물의 출구온도는 선형적으로 감소하였다. <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> 압력강하 계산값과 실험값은 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>가 고유량일 때 5 % 내에서 잘 일치한 반면에 <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>가 저유량일 때 실험값이 약 20 % 높게 나타났다. In this study, the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics were evaluated for multi-tube <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> water heaters with lengths of 4.5 m and 7.5 m. The evaluation was done using the -NTU method, and the results were compared with experimental data. Water flows through the shell side of the water heater, while <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> flows through 8 inner tubes. The heater uses a counter-current design to maximize the heat transfer efficiency. The energy balance equation describing the flows of <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> and water for each node is set up using the section-by-section method. The calculated heat transfer rates agree well with the experimental data within <TEX>${\pm}5%$</TEX> error. The outlet water temperature decreased linearly with the increase of the water flow rate. The calculated heat transfer rates agreed well with the experimental data within <TEX>${\pm}3%$</TEX> error. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases almost linearly with the increase of water flow rate or <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> inlet temperature in both the 4.5-m and 7.5-m water heaters, whereas the water outlet temperature linearly decreases with the increase of the water flow rate. The comparison of the <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> pressure drop between the calculation and experiment results shows good agreement at the high <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> flow rate within 5 % error, but the value is about 20 % higher in the experimental pressure drop at the low <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> flow rate.

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