페루 청정개발제도(CDM) 사업 분석을 통한 온실가스 감축 비용 추정

Abstract

There has been a widespread awareness of the need to achieve carbon neutrality by mid-20th century, especially upon the publication of IPCC 1.5℃ Special Report in 2018. In order to cost-effectively achieve greenhouse gas reduction at a global level, the importance of cooperation between countries and the use of the international carbon market are emphasized more than ever. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol will be reorganized into a “Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM)” under the Paris Agreement. As the SDM is expected to inherit much of the CDM system, it is necessary to closely examine the performance and economic aspects of CDM projects in order to maximize the availability of the new international carbon market, SDM under the Paris Agreement. Despite its importance, research on the economic assessment of the emission reduction projects under the CDM has so far been scant. With an aim to establish an analytical basis to assess the economic feasibility of each type of emission reduction project and to draw implications for the national strategy for implementing the reduction projects abroad, this study estimated mitigation cost ($/tCO₂) of 27 CDM projects in Peru. The reservation price of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) unit that ensures minimum economic feasibility of the project has been estimated and analyzed by project type. A comparison of reduction potential and cost of mitigation by CDM project type in Peru shows that methane recovery, landfill gas, wind power, and solar power generation are the most cost-effective types in Peru. For many countries including South Korea, engaging in more active reduction activities through overseas reduction projects may be an important means of achieving the national reduction goal and contributing to global efforts to abate greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, it is important for South Korea to put efforts to improve its understanding of the reduction potential, investment opportunities and cost effectiveness of mitigation projects in Peru as well as Chile, Vietnam, Myanmar and Sri Lanka designated as target bilateral cooperation countries.