Abstract
The hair follicle is a complex structure that goes through a cyclic period of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and rest (telogen) under the regulation of several signaling pathways, including Wnt/ β-catenin, FGF, Shh, and Notch. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is specifically involved in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration, and growth. β-catenin is expressed in the dermal papilla and promotes anagen induction and duration, as well as keratinocyte regulation and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated the activation of β-catenin by a polyphenolic compound 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) in mice model and in human dermal papilla cells to promote hair growth cycle. A complete regrowth of the shaved area of C3H mice was observed upon treatment with TCQA. Global gene expression analysis using microarray showed an upregulation in hair growth-associated genes. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin was remarkably upregulated in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that β-catenin activation by TCQA promoted the initiation of the anagen phase of the hair cycle.
Highlights
Hair plays an important role in an individual's general appearance [1]
We demonstrated the activation of β-catenin by a polyphenolic compound 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) in mice model and in human dermal papilla cells to promote hair growth cycle
Β-catenin activates canonical target genes involved in the growth of the hair follicle (HF) including, Wnt signaling proteins expressed during anagen, and Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) signaling molecules involved in keratinocytes differentiation [15,16,17]
Summary
Hair plays an important role in an individual's general appearance [1]. Hair loss is a common disorder that occurs both in men and women. During the growth phase or anagen, the DP regulates the migration of bulge residing stem cells to the bulb region forming the matrix cells that will be proliferating and dividing into the hair shaft and the inner root sheath (IRS) [9,10]. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in the development, growth, and proliferation of the HF and the regulation of the activity of embryonic and adult stem cell populations [13,14]. Wnt/β-catenin activation in the HF initiates the anagen induction by inducing the proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial matrix cells that produces the hair shaft and IRS [18]. TCQA induces neurogenesis, improves learning and memory in aged mice, and promotes the differentiation of human neural stem cells [30], its effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and hair growth promotion has not yet been assessed. Β-catenin expression in DP and its effect on DP cell proliferation was evaluated
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