تاثیر مقادیر و زمان کاربرد کود ریزمغذی بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L. )

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oilseed crops adaption on a wide range circumstance of Iran edaphic, which deficiency of micronutrients cause in its quality and quantity yield. To assign the effect of amount and utility period of micronutrients fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and characters of oil quality of safflower var Mexi141 an experiment by factorial base Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out. The factors were including foliar spraying of micronutrients fertilizer at four levels (1-Without consuming of micronutrients fertilizer or Control (F1), apply 2.5 (F2), apply 3 (F3) and 4.5 (F4) Kg.ha-1, and time of utilization (T1= 3, T2=4 and T3=5 weeks) fertilizer after silique formation arranged to plots. Results showed that the traits of start and end flowering, flowering period, the height of first reproductive branch (silique), number of lateral branch, number of grain per siliqe, siliqe diameter, grain yield, oil content and unsaturated fatty acids profile of oil were affected under rates and time of foliar spraying micronutrients fertilizer and its interaction. With rising consume of rates micronutrients fertilizer, the grain yield increased and the uppermost of its (1792.1 kg ha-1) achieved in foliar spraying of 3 kg ha-1 micronutrients fertilizer during four weeks after siliqe formation. Rate of fertilizer on unsaturated fatty acids content of oil had effect, in which the greatest amount of mono band fatty acid of oleic acid (18:1) (15.92 %) were gets without using of micronutrients or foliar spraying of at least of micronutrients fertilizer., also the highest amount (75.97 %) of diband fatty acid of linoleic acid (18:2) with using 4.5 kg.ha-1 of micronutrients, and the most of multiple band fatty acid (0.29 %) of linolenic acid (18:3) was obtained with consuming 3 kg.ha-1 of micronutrients fertilizer. Interaction effect of micronutrients fertilizer and time application of fertilizer on unsaturated fatty acids content of oil, such as linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) were significant (P≤0.01). In which, the highest amount of linoleic acid (18:2) obtained in foliar spraying of 4.5 kg.ha-1 micronutrients during 3 weeks after silique formation, and the greatest quantity of linolenic acid (18:3) achieved by foliar spraying of 2.5 kg ha-1 micronutrients during 4 weeks after siliqe formation.