Древнейшая история Предкавказья в свете концепции индоевропейcких миграций (часть 1)

Abstract

Objectives. The study aims to reconstruct a fragment of the ancient history of Ciscaucasia. Materials. Part 1 provides a complete information on the unique burial complex in Ciscaucasia –– Dzhangar/Ulan-Tolga mound 1, Kalmykia. Methods. Archaeological methods, such as stratigraphic and typological ones, are used to reconstruct the linguistic and cultural situation in the region. Discussions and results. The paper shows that burials within the mound indicate a chronological sequence of migrations from Central and Eastern Europe during the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age. Conclusions. The first migration, supposedly a Tocharian one, is evidenced by burials with zoomorphic scepters. The two subsequent migrations, Indo-Iranian ones, can be associated with Indo-Aryans of Western Ciscaucasia (Novotitarovka version of the Kuban-Dnieper culture with carriages) and Proto-Iranians of Eastern Ciscaucasia (Pit-Grave culture). The third Indo-European migration is mirrored by the Catacomb culture which lasted until the arrival of the Timber-Grave population from the east, apparently evidencing the Iranian Reconquista of the steppe in the 14th – 13th centuries BC.