Abstract
Arabic Abstract: الشرعي في المادة (51) من ميثاق الأمم المتحدة هو المفهوم الشائع لدى المعظم. ولكن، هنالك مبدأ مواز للدفاع الشرعي يخول الدولة عن نفسها دون انتظار هجوم فعلي، بل لدرء خطر وشيك أو محتمل الوقوع، يطلق عليه الدفاع الشرعي الاستباقي. يتلخص هدف الورقة في تحديد ما إذا كان ثمة حق دفاع شرعي استباقي في القانون الدولي العام، أم أن الشرعي مقتصر في حال وقوع هجوم مسلح بداية للرد عليه، وذلك من خلال تجميع الآراء الفقهية وطرح الورقة ثلاثة أسئلة مركزية: (1) ما التفسير الأدق لنص المادة (51) من الميثاق، بناء على اتفاقية فيينا لقانون المعاهدات؟ (2) ما موقف محكمة العدل الدولية من الشرعي الاستباقي؟ (3) ما موقف بقية أجهزة الأمم المتحدة؟ English Abstract: Self-defence in article (51) of the United Nations Charter is the common concept to most people. However, there is a concept parallel to self-defence which activates a state’s right to defend itself without awaiting an actual armed attack, but to ward off a threat that is imminent or probable; that is called “anticipatory self-defence”. The aim objective of this paper is to identify whether anticipatory self-defence is acknowledged in public international law, or is it merely restricted to responding to an armed attack. This task will be achieved through the compilation of jurisprudent views and by addressing three central questions: (1) What is the most accurate interpretation of the text of article (51) of the Charter in accordance with the Vienna Convention concerning the Law of Treaties? (2) What is the position of the International Court of Justice regarding the anticipatory self-defence? (3) What is the position of other UN apparatuses?
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