Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of various α-aminophosphonate compounds to an epoxy resin system, thereby improving flame retardance properties. The α-aminophosphonate scaffold allows for covalent incorporation (via the secondary amine) of the compounds into the polymer network. This work explores the synergistic effect of phosphorus and halogens (such as fluorine) to improve flame retardancy. The compounds were all prepared and isolated in analytical purity and in good yield (95%). Epoxy samples were prepared, individually incorporating each compound. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased char yield, indicating an improved thermal resistance (with respect to the control sample). Limiting oxygen index for the control polymer was 28.0% ± 0.31% and it increased to 34.6% ± 0.33% for the fluorinated derivative.
Highlights
The increasing demand of structural resins for potential use in composites across industrial applications has allowed epoxy resins to find use in areas such as coatings, adhesives, and laminates
The flammability of epoxy resins is a major limitation of these materials, and improving this property is vital for their continued future use in industry [1,2,3]
Wang et al reported the improved flame retardance of epoxy resin system (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/diamino diphenyl methane (DDM)), similar to that used in this work
Summary
The increasing demand of structural resins for potential use in composites across industrial applications has allowed epoxy resins to find use in areas such as coatings, adhesives, and laminates They possess advantageous properties such as mechanical strength, electrical insulating, and high chemical resistance allowing them to suit a substantial number of applications. The authors modified the resin system to introduce phosphorus, reporting an excellent flame retardancy with UL-94 V0 rating and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of ~32.8% [9]. There are reports in the literature of phosphorus-based flame retardants acting synergistically with elements such as sulphur, nitrogen, and silicon, to further improve the thermal resistance of polymeric materials [11,12,13,14,15]. Teahseileyffaeccctsesosfibnlietr,oogneen-,ppoht ossypnhthoerusiss,,aenxdtheanldoignegntaoteidnccoormpoproautnedascaartealuosgeudetoofeaxnpalloorgeutehsei[r2a4b].ilTithieesetfofeacctst soyfnneirtrgoisgteicna,lplyh, oexspphlooirtiunsg, atnhde ehfafilcoigenencyatoefdhcaolmogpeonusnbdust aarteexutsreedmteolyelxopwlocroentcheenirtraabtiiolintise.s to act synergistically, exploitiHngertehiene, fwficeiepnrecyseonfthaasloiggneinfiscbaunt aimt epxrtorevmemeleynltoiwn cthoencseenlft-reaxttioinngsu. ishment of epoxy resinHweriethin,thweeinpcroerspenotraatisoingnoificaancattiamlopgruoeveomf eαn-tamininthoephseolsfp-ehxotinnagtueicshomepnotuonfdes.poAxyn riemsipnrowvietmh ethnet incfloarmpoerraettioarndoafncaychataaslobgeuene obf sαe-ravmedintohprohuogsphhtohneramteocgormavpimouentrdics.aAnnalyimsi-s p(TroGvAem), ienndticinatfinlagmaehriegthaerrdachnacyr yhiealsdbfeoernthoebmseorvdeifidedthsraomugphletshaenrmd aongrianvcirmeaesteriicnalinmaliytisnigs (oTxGyAge),nininddiceaxtin(LgOaIh).igNhearrchinarfryaireeld fsopretchtreomscoodpiyfie(dNsIaRm) pdlaetsaacnodnafinrminecdreathse isnulcicmeistsifnugl ocxoyvgaelennitnidnecoxr(pLoOraI)t.ioNneoafr tihnefrcaormedpsopuencdtrsoisnctooptyhe(NreIsRi)ndsaytsatecmon. firmed the successful covalent incorporation of the compounds into the resin system
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