УДК 634.75:631.52 DOI: Оценка сортов земляники по устойчивости к неблагоприятным абиотическим факторам в условиях юго-западной части Нечерноземья России

Abstract

The results of the study of strawberry varieties on resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors have been presented. The researches were carried out in 2013-2017 inthe Kokino Base Station of All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research were 101 strawberry varieties of various genetic and ecological and geographical origins. It is shown that the signi fi cant damage to plants of strawberries have caused by low negative temperatures (from -20 0C) at the beginning of winter in the absence of snow cover. As a result of researches winter hardy varieties Vityaz’, Solovushka, Kupchikha, Kokinskayazarya, Slavutich, Nashe Podmoskov’e, Bereginya, Al’pha, Rusich, Bryanich have been revealed. In the group of mediumwinter hardiness (the degree of freezing is 2.0-2.5 points) 35 varieties, including Rosinka, Festival’naya Romashka, Amulet, Studencheskaya, Tsaritsa, Bogota, Divnaya, Surpriz Olympiade, Feyyerverk, Nadezhda, Naydena Dobraya, Venta, Onega and others have been classi fi ed. The strongest subfreezing (3,0-4,5 points) have been marked in 48 varieties, including Rozana kiyevskaya, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Mars, Kholidey, Dachnitsa, Irma, Vima Tarda, Nezabudka, Polka, Maryshka and others. The most unfavorable conditions for plants of strawberry have formed during fl owering in spring of 2017. More than 30% of the generative organs were damaged in the varieties Kokinskaya rannyaya and Irma. At the earliest neutral daily variety Lyubava the degree of subfreezing fl owers was low and made 13%. From the early varieties the increased resistance to spring frosts showed the varieties of breeding Kokino Base Station Rosinka and Kokinskaya Zarya, which is connected with the arrangement of buds and fl owers inside the bush. A low level of drought resistance and heat resistance showed the varieties Tenira, Mitse Shindler, Gloskap, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Onega, Yulduz, Akvarel’, Osennyaya zabava, Favorit, Khoney, Rozana kiyevskaya, Zenga Zengana. The extreme temperature conditions and moisture de fi ciency in the period of vegetation were best survived in the fi rst year of the fruiting varieties Kokinskaya zarya, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Rusich, Kupchikha, Festival’naya, Nashe Podmoskov’e, Mars, Amulet, Maryshka, Bryanich and Venta.