Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a crop of great economic importance for many countries of the world, including Ukraine. One of the main reason limiting barley production in different regions of Ukraine is low-temperature stress. Prediction of frost resistance in the development and choice of resistant genotypes is one of the main tasks of the breeding. Applying the tools of molecular genetic analysis involves increasing the efficiency of traditional methods of identification and genotype screening with the necessary traits in a specific climatic area. The 5H chromosomal loci are a component of a complex system of genes involved in the formation of resistance to low negative temperatures. The polymorphism and allele distribution of nine microsatellite loci in chromosome 5H, which are localisation in the region of the key NT- resistance genes Fr-H1, Fr-H2 and close to these regions in 35 varieties of the autumn barley collection, were studied. Allelic polymorphism with the presence of two (UMB702) to five (Bmag0223) alleles was detected at the loci Bmag0223, Bmag0323, Bmag0760, GMS061 and UMB702. The frost resistance of 31 varieties with different durations of hardening was evaluated and essential differences between them were noted for this feature. According to the results of the analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite loci and data on evaluation of varieties for frost resistance, the connection of allelic differences of four out of five polymorphic loci with the level of frost resistance and hardening rates was revealed. Reliable associations were established between the presence of alleles Bmag0223, Bmag0323, Bmag0760, GMS061 and indicators of the level of frost resistance. Allelic differences at the UMB702 locus were not associated with differences in any of the traits. Alleles of the microsatellite locus Bmag0223 are recommended for negative choice of less frost-resistant barley genotypes at the early plant breeding stages.
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