Abstract

釋字第 509 號藉由轉化刑法誹謗罪之文義,以限縮誹謗罪成立之 空間,調和言論自由與個人名譽間之衝突,而達到保障言論自由之目 的,該號解釋在我國言論自由之發展史上,顯然具有重要意義。 然而該號解釋在做成後亦衍生出諸多疑義,本文第一章概述之;其中該號解釋所謂:「行為人有相當理由確信其為真實者」,是否即為美國法上之「真正惡意原則」,爭議已久,本文考量我國刑法之固有體系,認為「合理查證原則」始為該號解釋之正解,於第二章中將為解析;為達憲法保障言論自由之目的,釋字第 509 號之意旨是否得類推適用於民事事件?本文立於民刑事「實體法」與「訴訟法」基本結構不同之認知下,採取肯定看法,此見於本文第三章;而釋字第 509號對於言論自由與名譽權之調和案件,並未闡明其類型區分,而本文認為我國實務應有更細緻之類型化操作,此於第四章探討之。 總結前述各章內容,本文認為目前實務對於言論自由與名譽權調和案件之處理上不盡合理,故將案件依所涉不同之「人物」與「事項」,區分為民事法及刑事法各四種不同類型,參酌大法官解釋、學者見解及比較法上判決,於第五章提出本文之處理方式。

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