초등학교 5학년 학생들의 가능성 비교 전략 분석

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze 5th graders’ strategies for comparison of chance. Based on some prior research, we developed eight chance comparison tasks in four types, two tasks per type. These tasks were applied for fifty 5th graders who didn’t learn the lesson ‘ratios and rates’ but ‘chance’. We analyzed the types and the features of the students’ strategies in problem solving. The students have been shown to try more part-part comparisons than part-whole comparisons. Part-part comparisons included the strategy to compare part-part rates, the strategy to compare the compositions of marbles in a multiplicative way, the strategy to eliminate the same colour and compare the rests, and the strategy to compare the number of each colour etc. Of which the strategy to compare the compositions of marbles in a multiplicative way was the most preferred and successful strategy for the students when they couldn’t solve the problem in an additive way. We can confirm that the students chose different strategies depending on the types and the contexts of tasks, and that the strategy to focus on one colour was misguided to improper reasoning to solve the tasks. From these results, we proposed some didactical implications including an overall review of the teaching timing, contents, and methods of ‘chance’.