ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЭПИЛЕПТИФОРМНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В 4-АМИНОПИРИДИНОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ В СРЕЗАХ МОЗГА КРЫСЫ

Abstract

Children are more likely to develop epileptic seizures (ictal discharges lasting tens of seconds) than adults. A higher predisposition of the juvenile brain to the generation of epileptiform activity is thought to be due to a preeminence of inhibition over excitation at the early stage of brain development. However, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying these age-related differences are yet to be clarified. We compared the ictal activity induced by a chemoconvulsant 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the horizontal slices of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of 3- and 8-week-old Wistar rats. In 3-week-old rats, the ictal discharge was always preceded by a clearly detectable preictal activity as manifested in one or several 3−4-s GABA-glutamate events, whereas in 8-week-old rats such events were typically absent or very rare (no more than one occasional short event). The ictal activity resistance to external exposures was also age-dependent. In 8-week-old rats, by contrast to 3-week-old animals, ictal discharge generation in the entorhinal cortex was blocked completely and replaced by the 0.2−0.3 Hz interictal activity (simultaneous 1−3-s burst discharges) by a partial blockade of the KCC2-cotransporter or Na+/K+-pump, as well as by low-frequency electric stimulation. Thus, our data indicate that ictal discharges in the immature (3-week-old) brain are more resistant to external exposures than in the brain of adult rats. Interictal and ictal epileptiform activities are antagonistic in 8-week-old animals, while the appearance of interictal activity interrupts completely the generation of ictal discharges and can therefore be considered as one of the putative antiepileptic mechanisms in the mature rat brain.