가상현실 환경에서 3D 가상객체 조작을 위한 인터페이스와 인터랙션 비교 연구

Abstract

Received 22 September 2015; received in revised form 3 December 2015; accepted 16 December 2015ABSTRACT Recently immersive virtual reality (VR) becomes popular due to the advanced development of I/O interfaces and related SWs for effectively constructing VR environments. In particular, natu-ral and intuitive manipulation of 3D virtual objects is still considered as one of the most import-ant user interaction issues. This paper presents a comparative study on the manipulation andinteraction of 3D virtual objects using different interfaces and interactions in three VR environ-ments. The comparative study includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Three differentexperimental setups are 1) typical desktop-based VR using mouse and keyboard, 2) hand ges-ture-supported desktop VR using a Leap Motion sensor, and 3) immersive VR by wearing anHMD with hand gesture interaction using a Leap Motion sensor. In the desktop VR with handgestures, the Leap Motion sensor is put on the desk. On the other hand, in the immersive VR,the sensor is mounted on the HMD so that the user can manipulate virtual objects in the frontof the HMD. For the quantitative analysis, a task completion time and success rate were mea-sured. Experimental tasks require complex 3D transformation such as simultaneous 3D transla-tion and 3D rotation. For the qualitative analysis, various factors relating to user experiencesuch as ease of use, natural interaction, and stressfulness were evaluated. The qualitative andquantitative analyses show that the immersive VR with the natural hand gesture provides moreintuitive and natural interactions, supports fast and effective performance on task completion,but causes stressful condition. Key Words: Virtual reality, Interface and interaction, User experience, Hand gesture, Leap Motion