日本人労働者の血液生理値 : 赤血球数,血色素量,全血比重,白血球の実態(昭和35〜36年)とこれら血液値に影響する諸種要因解析の試み

Abstract

Excluding those who were working in hazardous environments which would affect the physiological status of the blood, 6140 healthy Japanese workers, of which 4471 were male and 1669 were female, were investigated as to erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin contents, specific gravities of the whole blood, and leucocyte counts. And, an analysis was made of the relationship of such various factors which would affect these values as labor conditions (nature and intensity of work, hours of work, shift, length of employment, overtime work), economic conditions (income, number of dependents, income per head of dependents), bodily conditions (age, stature, body weight, menstruation), conditions in which measurements were made (season, time of measurements methods of hemocytometry and of hemoglobinometry). Number of workers employed in big industries was ten times that of those in small industries, and most of all the workers were engaged in physically moderate work. Kinds of work the workers under investigation engaged in were diverse, among which manufacture of machines and tools ranked at the top occupying about forty p.c. Main results obtained are as follows. 1) Means and standard deviations of four sorts of blood values are: Male Female Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Erythrocyte counts 467×104 45×104 425×104 41×104 Hemoglobin contents 92.2% 8.1% 83.1% 8.5% (14.8g/dl 1.3g/dl) (13.3g/dl 1.4g/dl) Specific gravities of the whole blood 1.0565 0.0023 1.0526 0.0024 Leucocyte counts 6314 1375 6286 1465 The above values are far below the normal values hitherto reported, and even compared with values reported by Dr. Komiya several years ago each of these four sorts of values is a little lower as well. 2) Among factors affecting these physiological values, the age has the most marked effect. All the three sorts of values related to erythrocytes, showing the highest values at the age of 20∼24 in the male and around 20 in the female, tend to decline as the age advances. The relation of the age and the leucocyte count is not so marked as in the cases related to erythrocytes. 3) All the three sorts of values related to erythrocytes increase linearly as the body weight increases. This trend is more noticeable in the male than in the female. 4) Though not so marked as in the body weight, all the four values tend to decrease as the stature increase. This relation is also conspicuous in the male. 5) The leucocyte count is high in winter and low in summer. 6) In the male workers, the three sorts of values related to erythrocytes are lower in those engaged in physically moderate work than those engaged in mental work, clerical work, and physically light work. 7) In the male worker, the three sorts of values related to erythrocytes are low in those whose income is extremely low and in those whose dependents are extremely many. 8) Variation of the blood values, especially of the leucocyte count, in the female is more than in the male. The reason for this is complex. 9) Errors of measurements are quite large in all the sorts of values. 10) Some other factors which may affect physiological values of the blood are conceivable beside those considered in the present research. 11) As to the interactions of facors affecting the blood values further considerations are necessary.