УТРОИТЕЛЬ ЧАСТОТЫ НА ДИОДАХ С БАРЬЕРОМ ШОТТКИ В ПРИЕМНИКЕ 3-ММ ДИАПАЗОНА ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ЛИНИЙ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ГАЗОВ

Abstract

A Schottky diode frequency tripler for the 3-mm receiver system designed for observation of ozone and carbon monoxide spectral lines at frequencies 110.836 and 115.271 GHz, respectively, is developed. The used varactor parameters are investigated and its limiting values of frequency tripling efficiency in the 3-mm wavelengths calculated. A design of the multiplier, which allows to realize close to the calculated levels of frequency conversion efficiency is proposed. The characteristics of the developed multiplier are investigated within the frequency range 109-136 GHz. The output power of 8 mW is obtained at 132 GHz with about 62 mW pumping power. The tripler efficiency, output power and operating current at the desired frequency for atmospheric receiver of 112.5 GHz were measured. The highest efficiency (18 %) has been realized at this frequency with 15 mW input power. The values of the input power, operating current and reverse bias of the developed frequency tripler required for optimal receiver performance for observation of the emission lines of atmospheric gases have been determined. Key words: frequency tripler , receiver for investigation of atmospheric gases, frequency tripling efficiency, input power, output power Manuscript submitted 07.08.2014 Radio phys. radio astron. 2015, 20(1): 86-93 REFERENCES 1. FORKMAN, P., CHRISTENSEN, O. M., ERIKSSON, P., URBAN, J. and FUNKE, B., 2012. Six years of mesospheric CO estimated from ground-based frequency-switched microwave radiometry at 57° N compared with satellite instruments. Atmos. Meas. Tech. vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 2827–2841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3909-2012 2. RAFFALSK, I. U., BERG, H., HOCHSCHILD, G. and KOPP, G., 2002. Continuous ozone measurements over Kiruna during winter/spring 2002: A new millimeter wave radiometer operated at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden. The Sixth European Symposium on Stratospheric Ozone Research Proceedings. Gothenberg, Sweden, pp. 369–377. 3. HOFFMANN, C. G., RAFFALSKI, U., PALM, M., FUNKE, B., W., GOLCHERT, S. H., HOCHSCHILD, G. and NOTHOLT, J., 2011. Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison. Atmos. Meas. Tech. vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 2389–2408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2389-2011 4. BERG, H., KRUPA, R., HOCHSCHILD, G., KOPP, G. and KUNTZ, M., 1998. Millimeterwave radiometer with adjustable internal calibration load for high resolution measurements of stratospheric constituents. 2nd ESA Workshop on Millimetre Wave and Applications: Antennas, Circuits and Systems Proceedings. Espoo, Finland, pp. 372–377. 5. PIDDYACHIY, V. I., SHULGA, V. M., MYSHENKO, V. V, KOROLEV, A. M., MYSHENKO, A. V., ANTYUFEYEV, A. V., POLADICH, A. V. and SHKODIN, V. I., 2010. 3-mm wave spectroradiometer for studies of atmospheric trace gases. Radiophys. Quantum Electron. vol. 53, no. 5–6, pp. 326–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-010-9231-y 6. PIDDYACHIY, V. I., KOROLEV, A. M. and SHULGA, V. M., 2005. Avery low-noise integrated 3mm-wave Schottky diode mixer and PHEMT IF amplifier. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves. vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1381–1388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-005-8436-1 7. SHULGA, V. M., MYSHENKO, V. V. and MYSHENKO, A. V., 2006. Low losses wide band diplexer for mm-wave heterodyne receiver. 16th International Crimean Conference and Telecommunication Technology Proceedings. Sevastopol, Ukraine, pp. 575–576. 8. ARCHER, J. W., 1981. Millimeter wavelength frequency multipliers. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 552–557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1981.1130391 9. TOLMUNEN, T. J. and RAISANEN, A. V., 1987. An efficient Schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter waves. Part I: Doubler. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves. vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1313–1336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01011082 10. TOLMUNEN, T. J. and RAISANEN, A. V., 1987. An efficient Schottkyvaractor frequency multiplier at millimeter waves. Part II: Tripler. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves. vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1337–1353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01011083 11. BELOTSERKOVSKY, G. B., 1966. Fundamentals of radio engineering and antennas: problems and solutions. Moskow, Russia: Mashinostroenie Publ. (in Russian). 12. PIDDYACHIY, V. I., SHULGA, V. M., KOROLEV, A. M. and MYSHENKO, V. V., 2005. High doping density Schottky diodes in the 3mm wavelength cryogenic heterodyne receiver. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves. vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1307–1315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-005-7605-6 13. PREDMORE, C. R., ERICKSON, N. R., GOLDSMITH, P. E. and MARRERO, J. L. R., 1984. Abroad-band, ultra-low-noise Schottky diode mixer receiver from 80 GHZ to 115 GHz. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 498–507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132713 14. ERICKSON, N. R., 1985. A very low-noise single-sideband receiver for 200–260 GHz. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1179–1188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1985.1133191