식물추출물 마늘 추출액, 잔톡실럼 정유, 레몬그라스 정유 함유 유제 3종의 생태독성평가

Abstract

식물추출물 함유(마늘추출액, 잔톡실럼오일, 레몬그라스오일 30%) 유제의 물벼룩급성독성 결과 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 <TEX>$EC_{50}$</TEX>은 <TEX>$3.3mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX>로 EPA 기준으로 보통독성정도이었고, 레몬그라스오일, 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일 함유 30% 유제의 <TEX>$EC_{50}$</TEX>는 <TEX>$10mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX> 이상으로 저독성이었다. 송사리급성독성 시험의 경우, 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> 값이 <TEX>$3.0mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX>으로 나타났으며 나머지 두 유제는 모두 <TEX>$10mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX> 이상으로 확인되었다. 꿀벌급성독성시험은 접촉과 섭식 시험으로 나누어서 실시하였고, 접촉독성의 경우 모두 100 a.i <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX> 이상으로 확인되었다. 섭식독성의 경우 마늘추출액 함유 30% 유제의 <TEX>$LD_{50}$</TEX> 값이 44.3 a.i <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX> 이었으며 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일과 레몬그라스오일 함유 30% 유제의 경우 <TEX>$LD_{50}$</TEX> 값이 100 a.i <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX> 이상으로 나타나 독성이 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 지렁이급성독성시험의 경우, 마늘추출액, 잔톡실럼(Zanthoxylum)오일, 레몬그라스오일 함유 30% 유제의 <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> 값이 각각 267, 592, <TEX>$430mg\;kg^{-1}$</TEX> 로 나타났는데 이는 제품살포물량을 확정한 뒤 환경추정농도를 이용한 위해성평가를 통해 안전성을 확보한다면 친환경 농자재로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. Environment-friendly agro-materials are are likely to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. This study was also conducted so as to assess ecotoxicity for Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) containing 30% of garlic extract or two plant essential oils (Zanthoxylum, Lemongrass) expected to prevent from pests and be used for agro-materials. Target species used to assess acute toxicity were invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Oryzias latipes), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The <TEX>$EC_{50}$</TEX> values for of garlic extract 30% EC, Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC to Daphina magna were 3.3, 10, and <TEX>$10mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX>, respectively. The category of garlic extract 30% EC was moderately toxic, while those of Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC were slightly toxic according to standard of USEPA. <TEX>$EC_{50}$</TEX> for both of Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC were more than <TEX>$10mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX> then they were considered as slightly toxicity. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> of garlic extract 30% EC was <TEX>$3.3mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX>. Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC indicated <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> > <TEX>$10mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX>. Classification of acute toxicity to all test substances was in Korea criteria. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to Honeybee were conducted. As a result, <TEX>$LD_{50}$</TEX> of all test substances were more than 100 a.i. <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX> in the acute contact test while <TEX>$LD_{50}$</TEX> of garlic extract 30% EC was 4.4 a.i. <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX> and <TEX>$LD_{50}$</TEX> of Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC were more than 100 a.i. <TEX>${\mu}g\;bee^{-1}$</TEX>. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, <TEX>$LC_{50}$</TEX> of garlic extract 30% EC, Zanthoxylum oil 30% EC and lemongrass oil 30% EC were 267, 592, and <TEX>$430mg\;kg^{-1}$</TEX>, respectively. In conclusion, if the safety for earthworm is confirmed, these substances are expected to be use for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.