Abstract
Mahuang(마황, 麻黃) is a highly used herbal medicine by the medical institution. It is defined as the plant of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia, and E. equisetina in Korean, Chinese and Japanese Pharmacopedia. Its main ingredient is ephedrine. It has also been used for asthma and obesity. However, it may cause indigestion, insomnia, even cause fatal, side effects such as heart attack, stroke, and sudden death. Therefore, it requires careful attention to the use of Mahuang. For evaluating the effects, it is very important to distinguish between its original species. As a result of this study, we suggest key identification points of among Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia, and E. equisetina based on the herbal morphological features. 1) E. sinica has few branches and long internode length (2~6 cm). 2) E. intermedia, it has many branches and similar internode length as E. sinica. 3) E. equisetina has many branches and short internode length (1~3 cm).
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