СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА И ЭФФЕКТОВ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ АЭРОЗОЛЕЙ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ В КОГОРТАХ РАБОТНИКОВ ПАО «КАМАЗ» ЗА 2016 - 2018 ГГ. И 2019-2021 ГГ.

Abstract

Introduction: KAMAZ PJSC is the largest automobile corporation in the Russian Federation. In 2021, 71 cases of occupational diseases were detected at KAMAZ PJSC. The first place is occupied by pathology from industrial aerosols exposure, it accounts for about 40% of cases. The goal of study: a comparative hygienic assessment of working conditions and effects of industrial aerosols exposure on large machine-building enterprise employees health state included in the risk group for the development of diseases of the bronchopulmonary system in 2016-2018 and 2019-2021. Research materials and methods: Criteria for inclusion in the risk group were: work experience with industrial aerosols for 15 years or more and the presence at the workplace of exceeding MPC of industrial aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action, aerosols of metals and toxic substances. Evaluation of working conditions was carried out according to the cards of working conditions special assessment. Employees The health state was assessed by data from periodic medical examinations using spirometry basis. Results: Working conditions in 2019-2021 Cohort improved compared to 2016-2018 cohort, which is associated with changes in technology, equipment upgrades. In the group of workers who were in contact with highly fibrogenic dust, the improvement in the class of working conditions correlates with spirometric data. In the group of workers who were in contact with low-fibrogenic dust, with a noticeable improvement in the class of working conditions, the respiratory function indicators, on the contrary, showed a negative increase, and we note an increase in the proportion of restrictive and obstructive disorders. In this group also, we note an increase COPD incidence. A similar picture is also observed in the group of metals and toxic substances in contact with aerosols. Conclusion: Based on these data, we can assume that this is due to change the production technologies and an increase the fine-dispersed aerosols in the air of the working area, which have a more aggressive effect on the bronchopulmonary system.