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Abstract
Significance. A high medical and social significance of abortions is due to high prevalence and substantial contribution to reproductive loss, maternal mortality and gynecological morbidity, including infertility. The purpose of the study was to analyze dynamics and structure of abortions in the Russian Federation and Far Eastern Federal District and its regions in 2003-2022. Material and methods. The study analyzed official statistics data (Federal statistical observation Form No. 13 “Information about pregnancy termination (up to 28 weeks of gestation),” and “Information about pregnancy termination (up to 22 weeks of gestation) - for the period from April 2012, in the Russian Federation, Far Eastern Federal District and its regions in 2003-2022. Dynamic series indicators (ratio indicators, growth rate, rate of increase/decrease) were calculated, the methods of direct ranking, descriptive statistics were used. Results. In 2003-2022, there was a decrease in the number of all types of abortions in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole – by 71.32% and 76.4%, respectively. At the same time, the absolute number of medical (legal) abortions has significantly decreased: by 80.6% (from 89,564 in 2003 to 17,376 in 2022) in the Far Eastern Federal District and by 86.7% (from 1349,652 to 179,387) in the Russian Federation. However, in the Far Eastern Federal District, as in the Russian Federation as a whole, the share of medical abortions in the structure of medical (legal) abortions increased from 0.02% to 44.0%, and the share of spontaneous abortions of the total number of abortions increased from 9.4% to 20.0%. Conclusion. In 2003-2022, the number of all types of abortions decreased in both the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole, however, their level remains high. The decrease in the number of abortions is accompanied by an unfavorable change in their structure, with the increasing share of spontaneous abortions as the main sign of reproductive system disfunction. Keeping in mind that miscarriage is the main cause of reproductive loss, prevention and successful treatment of this pathology is an actual reserve for increasing fertility.
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