Пищевые привычки у лиц с избыточной массой тела и ожирением в гендерном аспекте по данным эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ2

Abstract

Aim: to compare the eating habits in groups of subjects with normal body weight (BMI less than 25 kg/m2), overweight and obesity (BMI 25 kg/m2 or more) in the gender aspect of the population in Omsk region according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Patients and Methods: within the framework of the Russian multicenter study ESSE-RF2, the eating habits were assessed by a questionnaire method using the example of consumption of food products in 21 groups, based on the representative sample of the Omsk region population aged 25 to 64 years (n=1648). The comparison of eating habits in two groups of the surveyed was conducted: BMI<25 kg/m2 (n=572) and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (n=1076), as well as in the gender aspect. Results: the daily consumption of vegetables and fruits in the diet of Omsk residents is insufficient and practically does not differ in both groups. Omsk residents are less likely than Russians in general to consume meat daily, and women with a BMI≥25 kg/m2 tend to limit their daily consumption (p=0.063). Omsk residents do not consume enough fish, regardless of body weight, both men and women. In the daily diet of Omsk residents, poultry prevails, regardless of body weight, in comparison with the average Russian indicators. The daily consumption of milk is approximately the same in both groups, but kefir and yogurt are consumed daily and weekly more commonly in the group with BMI≥25 kg/m2 (55.5% vs. 50.2%, p=0.033). Omsk residents with BMI≥25 kg/m2 are less likely to add yogurt into their daily diet (p=0.0001), mainly due to women with the same BMI (p=0.0001), who commonly refuse it. The same category of patients restricts the consumption of pasta (p=0.004), in particular, due to men (p=0.004): more commonly restricts the excessive consumption of sweets and pastry (p=0.007), and due to women (p=0.002): more commonly adds salt to food without first trying it. Conclusion: the presence of overweight and obesity has somewhat changed the eating habits of Omsk residents in a positive direction — there was a restriction in the diet of pasta, pastry and sweets. However, in general, the imbalance in food consumption and salting food without first trying is obvious, which requires targeted preventive work taking into account the identified gender food priorities in the presence and absence of overweight and obesity. KEYWORDS: eating habits of the adult population, overweight, obesity, irrational nutrition, ESSE-RF2. FOR CITATION: Viktorova I.A., Moiseeva M.V., Stasenko V.L., Shirlina N.G. Eating habits in overweight and obese people in the gender aspect according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):358–365 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587- 6821-2021-5-6-358-365.