ЕТАПИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ПАМ’ЯТІ В УКРАЇНІ (1991–2023 РР.)

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyse and highlight the peculiarities of the process of forming national memory in Ukraine in 1991–2023. To clarify the peculiarities, place and role of historical memory in the policy of the presidents of independent Ukraine in the context of memory policy formation, describing the main trends in its development, namely the measures implemented at the legislative, national and socio-cultural levels. The novelty of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the memory policy at each of the identified stages, reflecting the transformations that took place at different levels. Conclusions. The article identifies the main stages of the implementation of memory policy in independent Ukraine (1991–1994, 1994–2004, 2005–2010, 2010–2013, 2014–2019, and from 2019 to the present). The main changes in the implementation of memory policy by each president of independent Ukraine are described. Sources and information from periodicals, websites of institutions, including the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory, legislative documents, namely presidential decrees and decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, as well as works of previous researchers of memory policy in Ukraine, who published a number of works on each period, are analysed. It is determined that each stage of the implementation of memory policy in the country was marked by changes in the state policy. The first years of independence are characterised by the nationalisation of memory, with a clear separation of the Ukrainian people’s history from the Soviet one. The period of 1994–2004 is characterised by a combination of the national concept and Soviet remnants; from 2005 to 2010, there was an active development of national history and culture, popularisation and active research of previously silenced topics. The period of 2010–2013 was a departure from the national vector of memory policy, but since 2014 and until now, the state memory policy has been characterised by decommunisation, popularisation and development of national history and culture, including in the context of the information war with Russia.