ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗМІН СКЛАДОВИХ РАДІАЦІЙНОГО РЕЖИМУ СОНЯЧНОЇ РАДІАЦІЇ ЗА 1991-2020 РР. ВІДНОСНО 1961-1990 РР. В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

During the observation period, significant changes in the influx of short-wave solar radiation due to the conditions of their passage through the Earth’s atmosphere and reflection from the underlying surface are registered. In the course of the study, the archive of observations of the meteorological and actinometric observation network of the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine was involved. A database of individual components of the Solar radiation regime has been compiled. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics, calculations of their spatial and temporal distribution on the territory of Ukraine were carried out. The results of changes in the components of the Solar radiation regime: direct, diffuse, and total solar radiation, albedo of the underlying surface, complete radiation balance and duration of sunshine during individual months, cold and warm periods, and year for the last three decades (1991-2020) relative to the climatological standard norm (1961-1990). Features of the modern climate affect the distribution of the components of the radiation regime and their change over the last three decades. This determines the expediency of determining the dynamics of the components of the radiation regime and their spatial distribution. The following components of the radiation regime experienced the greatest changes: duration of sunshine, direct and diffuse solar radiation. An increase in the duration of sunshine and direct solar radiation in the warm period of the year in a larger area of the country is characteristic. Scattered solar radiation decreased in almost all months of the cold and warm period almost everywhere in Ukraine. The total radiation increased during the warm period of the year, especially in the north and in the southern Steppe. The albedo of the underlying surface increased slightly, especially during the warm period in the south. The total radiation balance increased over a large area of the country, especially in the northeast and northwest. The determined changes in the formation of the components of the radiation regime are accompanied by changes during the growing season, with a tendency to increasing aridity and significantly affect the conditions for growing agricultural crops in Ukraine, which causes their spread across the territory. Their importance in the energy sector is due to the need to determine the profitability of operating solar energy plants for the production of electricity. The obtained conclusions are important for the use in the construction and operation of buildings of various purposes, as well as in general for climatic management of sectors of economy.