ЖІНОЧЕ ПИТАННЯ В ЕСТЕТИЦІ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ПЛАКАТУ 1930-Х – 1950-Х РОКІВ

Abstract

The article analyzes the history of the women's issue in the USSR on the basis of systemic, semiotic, and comparative-historical approaches on the examples of Soviet posters of the 1930s and 1950s. The analyzed posters are made in different techniques, have a big difference in circulation and distribution areas, have several types of semiotic code of visual propaganda. The artistic images of women presented on the posters are considered in two dissonant discourses: ideological and everyday. The relationship between the spread of the women's movement in the USSR, legislative policy, the place of women in Soviet society and the artistic representation of the image of the "new woman" in the campaign poster is shown. The inconsistency with the real practices of the main Soviet declared social characteristics of the image of the "new woman", her self-sufficiency and independence, legal equality, the reflection of this image in the socialist poster of the era and the real evolution of the social position of women. The analysis of visual sources and their comparison helped to trace the changes in society's attitude towards the current metamorphoses that occurred with the social roles of women in Soviet society on the example of the feminization of Soviet education and the reflection of the process in pedagogical posters. Reconstruction of social relations allows us to conceptualize the cultural and archaeological process of finding visual markers that can help a deeper understanding of the role of women in the educational processes of the 1930s - 1950s. To analyze the course of development and formation of the image of the "new woman" in Soviet society and the dichotomy of views on these processes of society and the state as actors of agitation and propaganda. Deconstruction of the visual semiotic code allows to analyze the system or randomness of the feminization of education in the USSR, to reflect the process on the posters of the era, and to try to understand the attitude of society and the state to this process. Variants of aesthetic solutions were identified in the Soviet poster, which highlighted the changes in society's values regarding the "women's issue" in the USSR. The influence of agitation and propaganda of the official "party line" on the reflection of women's images in mass art and on the determination of the place of the "women's issue" in the aesthetics of socialist realism has been clarified.