ГОЛОД 1921 -1922 ГГ. В КАЗАХСТАНЕ, КАК СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ТРАВМА

Abstract

This article was written within the framework of the project "Famine in Kazakhstan in 1921-1922 and its consequences" and aims to highlight the problem of determining the real causes of hunger and its consequences for the Kazakh people. The development of an objective and balanced assessment of complex and contradictory events of Soviet history has been an urgent task of Kazakh historians over the past few decades The study of the history of the famine of 1921-1922 is in line with the current problems of Kazakh historiography of the Soviet period. However, the question of the reasons that became the basis of this terrible and tragic phenomenon is of paramount importance. As a working hypothesis, the authors put forward the position that the famine of the first years of Soviet power was to a certain extent used by the Bolsheviks for their political purposes.Food policy served as a means of pacifying the rural population and Kazakhs in thefirst place, who for the most part did not understand and did not accept the ideology of the Bolshevik regime. As an evidence base, the authors analyzed such phenomena of the emerging humanitarian catastrophe –food dictatorship, the policy of "war communism", the main link of which was the Military-coercive measures of the seizure of products "clean", did not leave even a minimum for the basic needs of the population. The food crisis was also joined by weather conditions –drought and jute in 1921, which led to the death of the few livestock left after the prodrazverstka. The article examines the activities of armed food detachments engaged in tax collection, endowed with enormous powers, which they exceeded with impunity: they arrested and even shot without trial people who stood up to protect their families.The consequences of the famine had an important socio-cultural significance. The authors put forward the position that hunger became a kind of trauma that had far-reaching socio-cultural consequences for the self-consciousness of the Kazakh people