러시아 연해주 지역 한인의 근대 경험 – 1920~1930년대 한인의 토지분배와 집단화

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the socialist modern experience experienced by Koreans living in the Russian Far East while participating in the construction of a new society after the Russian Revolution. At the end of 1922, as the civil war ended in Primorsky Krai and socialist construction began, Koreans began to actively participate in socialist construction.<BR> Participated as a representative of the Korean American plenipotentiary under the Far East Revolutionary Committee and contributed to the establishment of a socialist system by participating in the Soviet Executive Committee on Korean issues. And every Korean village living in the Far East began to build a Korean soviet.<BR> The problems faced by Koreans in Primorsky Krai during the Soviet period were very numerous. Since most Koreans were farmers, the land issue was a very sensitive issue. However, as the number of Koreans immigrating to Primorsky Krai increased, the problem of acquiring Soviet citizenship also overlapped, making it difficult to solve the problem. The Soviet authorities implemented a policy of granting citizenship to those who lived and worked in Primorsky Krai for a certain period of time. In order to solve the land problem, the Soviet authorities gave priority to the peasants in the Primorsky Territory. Nevertheless, the peasants who were not granted land pursued a policy of emigrating to Khabarovsk and Amur.<BR> At the 15th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in December 1927, the policy of rapid heavy industry and comprehensive agricultural collectivization was decided. This decision brought about a major change in the lives of Koreans in the Far East. So, by 1934, the overall collectivization rate of Koreans had reached 60-65%, and in the case of farmers, 75-80%.<BR> As such, in the 1920s and 1930s, when the Korean Peninsula was experiencing the dark history of the Japanese colonial period, Koreans in Primorsky Province experienced a new era, a new society, and a new modernity.