Діяльність політосвітніх організацій на Поділлі у 1920-ті роки

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to highlight and analyze the activities of Soviet political and educational organizations (clubs, reading rooms) in Podillia to follow the tasks and evolution of the content of their work. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of a concrete-historical approach or historicism, comprehensiveness, integrity, systematicity, as well as the use of the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, statistical, and problem-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in historiography, the content and essence of the Soviet political and educational work in Podillia during the period of the policy of “Ukrainization” has been comprehensively ana- lyzed. Conclusions. At the beginning of the 1920s, a wide network of Soviet political and world organizations (clubs, farm buildings, and others) was created in Podillia. Th eir creation was preceded by the closure or reorganization of those cultural associations that operated during the time of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Th e main goal of Soviet political and educational work was to attract the population to “proletarian culture” to Bolshevize it and to turn it away from the Ukrainian national process. However, during the “Ukrainization” policy, clubs and villages also played a positive role in the elimination of illiteracy among the adult population contributing to the formation of a new rural Ukrainian intelligentsia and spreading the achieve- ments of Ukrainian art among the peasantry. In the course of the 1920s, numerous “cleanings” of the funds of village houses, reading rooms, clubs, and libraries took place periodically. Th ey especially intensifi ed aft er the beginning of “complete collectivization” at the end of 1929. Many employees of political organizations began to be accused of political mistakes, carrying out anti- Soviet nationalist work, but this is a topic for a separate study