일제시기 어린이날 기념 문화를 통해 본 어린이 인권 인식 - 1920년대를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The declaration and commemoration of Children’s Day, which began in 1922, promoted the development of a sectoral movement called the colonial youth movement and spread the idea and culture of protecting and respecting the human rights of children as the main actors of society. Children’s Day commemorative culture consisted of various activities and cultures such as distribution of various propaganda papers for adults and children, commemorative ceremonies, commemorative lectures, street parades, athletic meet, and speech contest. Children’s human rights were represented in the propaganda of Children’s Day as the right to survival and personal protection, financial protection and the right to prohibit child labor, the right to social protection and development, and the right to life, participation, and nationality. The four basic rights stipulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the standard for the human rights of children shared by colonial Joseon and the world today —the right to live, protect, develop and participate—were also appearing in colonial Joseon’s awareness of children’s human rights in the 1920s. The 1924 Geneva Declaration stipulated the obligations of adult humanity toward children who were not protected by war and violence as the victorious countries reflected on the damage caused by the war after World War I. It was not centered on the rights of children and youth per se.<BR> However, the awareness of children’s human rights expressed in colonial Joseon’s Children’s Day propaganda in the 1920s advocated that children have the right to protection and development and specified their rights as subjects of social participation. It can be said that the right to participate in the colonial national problem worked in order not to be harmed by the application of colonial control and discrimination, while Japan’s child policy advocated protection and development. Unlike the Declaration of Children’s Rights in Europe, which was centered on the victorious countries of World War I, children’s rights in East Asian colonial Joseon were linked to the task of the liberation of the colonized people. In the 1920s, children’s human rights, represented by the establishment and commemoration of Children’s Day, were working together with modern universal respect for human rights and colonial specificity and historicity. It was a reflection of the colonial human rights reality, which was different from the Japanese colonialist child policy and secured children’s rights as a nation.