ДІТИ В РАДЯНСЬКИХ МАСОВИХ СВЯТКУВАННЯХ 1920-х РОКІВ В УСРР (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВІДЗНАЧЕННЯ РІЧНИЦЬ «ЖОВТНЯ»)

Abstract

After coming to power, thanks to the October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks began to implement their own policy, trying to bring all areas of life under their own control, in particular, after the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine and the formation of the Ukrainian SSR. And a fairly significant share in this process was occupied by festive culture, the development and implementation of which the Bolsheviks began immediately after coming to power. In particular, one of the first reforms carried out by the Bolsheviks was the calendar reform in 1918, during which the transition to the Gregorian calendar was made. And with the transition to the new calendar, the Bolsheviks began to actively introduce their own holiday culture, which was aimed at supplanting and replacing the holiday culture of the period of the Russian Empire. This made it possible to fully control the sphere of festive culture, using it for one’s own purposes. Thus, festive culture was used as one of the tools of influence on the population, during which they tried to inculcate ideological and cultural standards, solutions to political or economic problems. A particularly significant role was given to public holidays, which were days off and the celebration of which was carried out in a fairly unified, centralized manner throughout the territory of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR in particular. Among such holidays, the most important place was the commemoration of the “October” anniversaries, which symbolized and was positioned as the beginning of the Soviet state. The Bolsheviks played a particularly significant role in the preparation and holding of «October» for children, which for them had a peculiar educational role in terms of inculcating Soviet norms, stereotypes, worldview, values, and models of behavior. After all, the Bolsheviks needed support for the future of their power, and therefore they actively prepared the young generation for this role, who did not know the past and their ideas about it were formed only from Bolshevik myths and worldviews, which were actively planted with the help of festive culture. The article examines the role and importance of children, which was attributed to them by the Bolsheviks in the celebration of the «October» anniversaries in the 1920s; the forms of involvement in the holiday and the ideological content that they tried to impress and instill in children during the celebration are highlighted.