근대 서양 국제법의 ‘자결권’과 1919년 파리강화회의의 ‘민족자결’

Abstract

Colonial peoples’ ambition for national independence was stimulated by the fact that Paris Peace Conference was held based on Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points which included ‘self-determination of peoples’. But national self-determination at Paris Peace Conference did not receive a full consideration by the imperial international power politics and neglected. Nevertheless, Peace treaty combined with Covenant of the League of Nations made the article no 22 stipulate that the ultimate purpose of mandatory rule was to lead territories of mandatorily ruled be self-determinate in the name of ‘sacred trust of civilization.’ This is the reason that the declaration of self-determination of peoples during World War I and Paris Peace Conference have important meaning in the history of national self-determination. Mandatory rule at Paris Peace Conference was to defer self-determination and self-determination of peoples for the colonialized people. But the acknowledgement in the Covenant of the League of Nations that non-annexation was a general rule of the mandatory rule and self-determination was a ultimate goal of the mandatory rule system meant that Western advanced countries (“Family of Nations”) could not neglect self-determination of peoples any more. This shows a change in viewpoint about self-determination before and after the World War, which became a basis for colonial peoples to claim self-determination.