Розробка плану евакуації міста Києва восени 1915 р.

Abstract

The aim of the work, learning on the basis of the available archive documents is to analyze the key aspects of Kyiv city evacuation plan, developed in autumn 1915, to deter- mine the problems and prospects of its implementation. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism, systematics and comprehensiveness, problem-chronological and diachronic methods. The scientifi c novelty of the publication lies in the fi rst systematic analy- ses of Kyiv city evacuation plan based of archival documents of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv. Conclusions. Aft er the successful off ensive of the German and Austro-Hungarian troops in spring of 1915, the Russian authorities had to resort to evacuation measures. Th e threat of occupation loomed over Kyiv, which was a large behind enemy lines city at the beginning of the First World War. In autumn 1915, the authorities developed the detailed plan for the population and property evacuation which included a set of measures to mobilize existing and attract additional resources. The evacuation measures were complicated by a large number of wounded in local hospitals, thousands of refugees and front-line regions internally displaced persons who settled in the city and its surroundings, increasing traffi c disorder on the railways. Th e developed measures included fi nding out the number of people and property to be mobilized, calculating the transport resources, determining the main evacuation routes and further placement of the population, state institutions, equipment of strategically important en- terprises and educational institutions in a new place.