일본의 靑島 經略과 靑島 도시경제의 발전, 1914-1922

Abstract

Japan has long harbored imperialist ambitions about Chinese territory (especially Shandong), so Japanese thought that the outbreak of World War I was the best opportunity to overcome Japanese domestic/ international crisis. Under the cloak of duties of “Anglo-Japanese Alliance”, Japan immediately declared war against Germany. On November 1914, Japan finally occupied Qingdao, and governed it by Japanese military. Therefore, Qingdao experienced “changes”. Those are main agents of Imperialist colonialist changes and characters and functions of city’s changes. <BR> The economy of Qingdao had serious economic losses by the outbreak of World War I and German-Japanese War. There were decreases of trades and destructions of city. Furthermore, Chinese people had campaigned against “Japanese materials” because they were outraged by “Japanese 21-demands to China”, that brought economic contraction of Qingdao more and more. Many Japanese in Qingdao were fell into ruin after that, the total amount of trade had decreased considerably. Because Qingdao’s city economy was dependent upon the income from Japan. But, investment to China by Japan didn’t simply entrust to ordinary people. That means, Japanese government enterprise or national industrial capitals took the lead in the Chinese market. Japan not only exported Japanese goods to China, but also produced Japanese things in China. Japanese materials produced in China were sold in China and another countries. This strategy gave Japan an advantage over the colony competition between other Imperial Power. Japan started to build systemic infrastructure, to invest capitals, and to develop industrial estates in Qingdao. As a result, large sum of Japanese money was invested in Qingdao, lots of individual /partnership companies were built in Qingdao. A wind of change was blowing through Qingdao. Especially textile industry, mill industry, and match manufacturing possessed unrivaled technological prowess. Qingdao couldn’t completely be converted to industrial city in the Period of Japanese Occupancy, but showed the process of switching over to a modernized industrial city. After that, Qingdao has steadily achieved industrial growth through the policies and maintenance systems those were established at Japanese colonial era, even after the reversion of Qingdao to China.