Еволюція взаємин Михайла Драгоманова та російської революційної емігра- ції в Швейцарії наприкінці 1870-х – на початку 1880-х років

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to shed light on the evolution of M. Drahomanov’s relations with the Russian revolutionaries in the late 1870s and early 1880s. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. A number of methods are involved: general scientifi c methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special-historical methods: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, retrospective. The scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that unexplored aspects of M. Drahomanov’s relations with the representatives of the Russian revolutionary movement in exile in the late 1870s and early 1880s are shown. The views of such figures as V. Zasulych, L. Deich, J. Stefanovych, the testimony of the gendarmerie units on the role of M. Drahomanov in emigrant circles in Switzerland are presented. Conclusions. During the second half of the 1870s and early 1880s, the relations between M. Drahomanov and the Russian revolutionary emigration went from being absolutely friendly to openly hostile and ignoring. Having arrived in Switzerland, the famous scientist and public fi gure gathered emigrants around him. They were attracted by his principled and moderate views. However, in the times of crisis for the revolutionary movement of 1880–1881, M. Drahomanov became an undesirable fi gure for the emigrant revolutionaries. Many of them publicly showed reluctance to keep in touch with Drahomanov and even talk about him. The reason for this, in our opinion, is the peculiarities of the emigrant environment, which aff ected the psychology, way of thinking, and even actions of exiled revolutionaries, provoking radicalization of views, intolerance of other people’s opinions, the search for hidden traitors, and enemies of the revolutionary cause. Th e change in their attitude was due to the fact that M. Drahomanov did not share the idea of revolutionary terror, and for some time collaborated with the newspaper “Volnoe Slovo” (“Free Word”).