Генуезькі та венеційські колонії Причорномор’я і Приазов’я в політиці та міжнародних відносинах (1400–1475)

Abstract

At the end of the Middle Ages, the Black Sea region became an area of increasing political importance. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in this region (the Black Sea and the Azov Sea) and even in the regions of Southeastern and Eastern Europe, the interests of numerous political players were confronted: Genoa, Venice, Florence and Pisa, Vatican, the Holy Roman Empire, the kingdoms of England, France and Aragon, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Byzantine Empire, Georgia, Russian principalities, Tatar states, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, Hungary and Wallachia, the Mamluk Sultan and, finally, the growing Ottoman Empire were just a short list of actors on the political scene at that time. However, against the background of the growing Ottoman threat, neither the metropolis of the colonies itself, Genoa, nor Casimir IV, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, nor Vladislaus II, the King of Bohemia and of Hungary, who was also an enemy of the Ottomans, could help Caffa. Caffa and other Genoese and Venetian colonies were captured by the Ottomans in 1475. Thus, we can see that there were numerous wars in Southeastern Europe in the fifteenth century, which eventually led to the domination of the Ottoman Empire.