Исследование клеточного состава богатой тромбоцитами плазмы для оптимизации ее использования в хирургии макулярных разрывов. Часть 1

Abstract

Currently, the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the successful areas of tissue engineering and cell therapy. In medicine PRP is widely used in ophthalmosurgery, in particular for macular hole (MH) closure. Purpose. To evaluate cellular composition of PRP in order to optimize its use in macular hole surgery. Material and methods. This study included platelet-rich plasma analysis of 20 patients (6 male and 14 female) who underwent surgical treatment of macular hole in Eye Microsurgery Center in the period from April till July 2021. Patients' age ranged from 57 to 82 (69,0±1.2) years. Ycellbio-Kit was used to obtain PRP. As a result of centrifugation 2 main blood fractions were obtained: plasma and erythrocyte layer. The study of the contents of the test tube was performed on 4 levels. The main attention was paid to the quantitative composition of platelets and leukocytes, which are the most important and significant in MH surgery. Results. The following platelet and leukocyte count in the general blood test and PRP were obtained as a result of the study. General blood test – platelet concentration was 140 to 285•10³/µL (215.85±9.23), P-PRP (pure platelet-rich plasma) – 699 to 5681•10³/µL (2600.4±329.9), L-PRP (plasma containing platelets and leukocytes) – 1995 to 9989•10³/µL (6555.8±506.7) (p<0.001). General blood test – white blood cell concentration was 3.83 to 7.73•10³/µL (5.58±0.29), P-PRP was 0.02 to 7.08•10³/µL (1.49±0.58), L-PRP was 6.12–494.69•10³/µL (99.3±38.1) (p<0.01). Conclusion. Platelet-rich plasma has regenerative activity and contractile properties in both fractions – in P-PRP and L-PRP, which simplifies the process of PRP extraction from the test tube and expands the possibilities for its use in MH surgery and other retinal pathologies associated with retinal tears. Given the lowest leukocyte concentration, the P-PRP fraction may be optimal for MH surgery. Key words: macular rupture, platelet-enriched plasma, platelets, leukocytes