Abstract
Several experiments concerning the maximum arc length were carried out as the basic research for the stabillity of the electric arc in welding. But reports on this type of study under windy conditions have apparently not been published to date.In this paper we describe an experimental study of the variation of the maximum arc length under various windy conditions and the influence of the wind on the vaporized coating of electrode.The results are summarized below:1) The maximum arc length is affected remarkably by the coating of electrode and the arc length of an ilumenite type is greater than that of a low hydrogen type. It is assumed that the vaporized coating, i.e. gas molecules, is more effective on striking the arc than the vaporized core metal and moreover the former depends strongly on the wind conditions.2) As the wind velocity increasse the maximum arc length decreases as a whole and each length evidently tends to be constant independently of the welding correct. Changing the angle of electrode, the maximum arc length under windless condition becomes the greatest at 90°angle of electrode, but at a wind velocity of 4 m/sec or 9 m/sec it does so at 45°angle.3) The value of the arc angle does not agree with that of the angle of electrode and usually the former is larger than the latter.The difference of each angle becomes large while the angle of electrode will be small. Below 45° angle of electrode there is a little effect of the wind, but above this angle, especially at 67.5°, the arc angle is clearly influenced and approaches the angle of electrode.4) The arc voltage and current at a moment of arc-vanishing depend on the angle of electrode. With an increasing welding current, the arc voltage decreases and the current increases. The former is affected by the wind direction but the latter is not affected very much.5) The results suggest that the interaction between the wind and the gas ionic flow of the coating and the relation between the arc length and the angle of electrode are the subjects for the future study.
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